arsine gas poisoning

The worker's exposure time was approximately one to two minutes. A 36 year old white male worker in a metal refinery near Johannesburg, South Africa, presented with arsine poisoning. Arsenic comes in four common valence states: As(o), As(III), As(V) and Arsine gas and three common forms: inorganic salt, organic salt, and gaseous form. A case study of arsine (7784421) gas poisoning was presented to illustrate the importance of exchange transfusions in the treatment of severe cases. It is slightly soluble in water, and aqueous solutions are neutral. Exposure is via inhalation; it is not absorbed through the skin, nor does it cause skin irritation. Both survived; one developed acute renal failure and required peritoneal dialysis. All exposure victims should be evaluated and observed. W. J. McKINSTRY (MC), U.S.N.R., and J. M. HICKES, M.D., Great Falls, Mont. CAS number: 7784-42-1 NIOSH REL: 0.002 mg/m3 15-minute CEILING; NIOSH considers arsine to be a potential occupational carcinogen as defined by the OSHA carcinogen policy [29 CFR 1990]. Accident: 201954104 - Four Employees Injured When Exposed To Arsine Gas Accident: 201954104 -- Report ID: 0522000 -- Event Date: 01/21/2005. No need to register, buy now! Inspection Open Date SIC Establishment Name; 308510270: 01/24/2005: 3674: Sumco Phoenix Corporation : Inspection Open Date SIC Establishment Name; 308510288: 01/24/2005: 3823: Powell Water Manufacturing Corporation: During the afternoon … The main route of exposure is via inhalation although poisoning through the skin has been documented. These are called inorganic arsenic compounds. Inorganic arsenic compounds are much more poisonous to most biologic systems (animals, plants, humans) than organic arsenic (see below). Arsine (IUPAC name: arsane) is an inorganic compound with the formula As H 3.This flammable, pyrophoric, and highly toxic pnictogen hydride gas is one of the simplest compounds of arsenic. When found in natural gas, arsine, phosphine, and ammonia levels can contribute to the poisoning of gas … Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Exposure to arsine gas results in the severe depletion of erythrocyte glutathione, causing red blood cell membrane instability and rapid, massive intravascular hemolysis. Arsine poisoning causes acute intravascular hemolysis, which may lead to renal failure. [View Abstract] Teitelbaum DT, Kier LC. Uses of the chemical. Precursor methods. There is little information about absorption through the skin or toxic effects on the skin or eyes. It is used in smelting operations, organic synthesis, the microelectronics industry, and less frequently for galvanizing, soldering, etching, and lead plating. Its toxicity results in acute intravascular hemolysis. We used it in gas deposition chambers to dope semi-conductor surfaces in our microelectronics lab in Queens. A 31-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital because of dark red urine which on examination was found to be due to extracellular hemoglobin. The first breakthrough in the detection of arsenic poisoning was in 1775 when Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered a way to change arsenic trioxide to garlic-smelling arsine gas (AsH 3), by treating it with nitric acid (HNO 3) and combining it with zinc.. As 2 O 3 + 6 Zn + 12 HNO 3 → 2 AsH 3 + 6 Zn(NO 3) 2 + 3 H 2 O. It is our wish in writing this paper that all physicians who see industrial workers at some time in their practice at some time in their practice Route of Exposure: Inhalation is the major route of arsine exposure. INTRODUCTION: Exposure to arsine gas can cause fatal hemolysis and multiorgan damage. Skin contact with liquid arsine may result in frostbite injury. Arsine poisoning causes acute intravascular hemolysis, which may lead to renal failure. 1986 May. He was employed on a metal reduction process with hydrochloric-acid. Home Subsea Statoil Reports Gas Poisoning at Sture Terminal. Current OSHA PEL: 0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) TWA 1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL 1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.05 ppm (0.16 mg/m3) TWA Description of substance: Colorless gas with a mild, garlic-like odor. Business & Finance October 13, 2016 Norwegian oil & gas major Statoil informed that yesterday, October 12, at 4:05 pm notice was given of a workplace accident at the Sture terminal in Hordaland. A) USES: Arsine (AsH. Mostofthe workonarsine poisoning reported in the literature deals with the characteristic blood changes observed after inhalation of the gas. On exposure to light, moist arsine decomposes quickly, depositing shiny black arsenic. Arsine (AsH 3) is a heavier-than-air (2.7×), colorless, nonirritating gas that is typically odorless but may have a faint odor of garlic or fish. Arsine is stored under pressure in glass lined cannisters. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Arsine gas poisoning: The importance of exchange transfusions in severe cases'. 4.2 High risk circumstance of poisoning Most cases of arsine poisoning do not result from use of the gas itself; rather they occur when arsine is accidentally generated as by-product of a chemical reaction involving a metal containing an arsenic impurity and an acid or a strong alkali. Arsine is an unpleasant gas and I had a big cylinder full of it. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Statoil Reports Gas Poisoning at Sture Terminal . Arsine causes a rapid … Onset of signs occurs within 30–60 min of exposure. Whole blood exchange transfusion and hemodialysis have been recommended to treat severe acute arsine poisoning, but are associated with significant complications and sub-optimal outcomes. Arsine, the most toxic form of arsenic, has some properties that may make it useful as a chemical warfare (CW) agent; it is a colorless, odorless, nonirritating gas that is 2.5 times denser than air. HAPAB An accident in the petroleum industry poisoned five workmen when arsine gas was accidentally generated by interaction between zinc- galvanized pipe and highly inhibited hydrochloric acid containing sodium meta-arsenite. Arsine, phosphine, and ammonia trace level content in liquid petroleum gases (LPGs) and natural gas can be tested by select Intertek laboratories, using the dry colorimetric detector method. Kleinfeld MJ. Arsine is well-known in forensic science because it is a chemical intermediate in the detection of arsenic poisoning. His renal function returned to near normal within 3 months. Find the perfect arsine gas stock photo. Arsine is a very toxic, colorless, non-irritating gas with a disagreeable garlic odor. The following is an account of the nature about absorption through the skin or toxic effects on the skin or eyes. Even if arsine’s odor was not detected at the scene, those present could have been seriously exposed. Target Audience. Two men developed acute intravascular haemolysis after exposure to arsine gas in a metal smelting works. Arsine gas does not produce arsenic intoxication. It is lethal in concentrations far lower than what is required to be able to detect an odor. Inorganic arsenic is found in nature at low levels mostly compounded with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur. It is used as a doping agent in microelectronics; also used in the manufacturing of organic chemicals and lead storage batteries. The cause of the hemoglobinuria was exposure to arsine gas from a cylinder thought to be empty. Arsine poisoning. Arsines are removed from gaseous stream, e.g., hydrocarbon or inert gas streams, comprising arsine impurities and also hydrogen sulfide, by contacting these gas streams with a sorbent material comprising copper oxide and zinc oxide. arsine Medicine & Life Sciences tuent of the exhausts of gas turbines using heavy residual fuels. Acute intravascular haemolysis and renal failure due to arsine poisoning . Arsine may be released in metal refining processes. This gas attacks the haemoglobin in the red blood cells causing them to be destroyed by the body. Arsine is also capable of being used as a chemical warfare weapon as the gas is colorless, almost odorless, and denser than air. Together they form a unique fingerprint. This activity reviews the evaluation of arsenic toxicity and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. 3) is a colorless, flammable, water-soluble gas formed when arsenic comes in contact with an acidic aqueous solution. The classically described "cherry red skin" rarely occurs. Vanadium, which is present in the natural oil in complex compounds, appears as the pentoxide after combustion, andthis forms an acid solution in water. Br J Ind Med. Two subsequently died. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information Symptoms are often described as "flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion.Large exposures can result in loss of consciousness, arrhythmias, seizures, or death. It has a garlic-like odor. EXPOSURE to arsine gas is an important environmental health hazard of concern in numerous and diverse occupational circumstances. Arsine poisoning, nor does it cause skin irritation exposure is via inhalation although through! One developed acute renal failure and required peritoneal dialysis renal function returned to near within!, nor does it cause skin irritation it cause skin irritation ), U.S.N.R., J.! 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