kaunas which country

The most Lithuanian of all cities in the country (93% of the population of Kaunas are Lithuanians) will welcome you hospitably, open your heart, walk along ancient streets and squares, and show you all their attractions. In a few days, with the help of aides, Zwartendijk produced over 2,200 visas for Jews to Curaçao. An Irish low-cost airline Ryanair announced Kaunas Airport as their 40th base and first in the Central Europe in February 2010. The country is bordered by Belarus, Latvia, Poland, and Russia (Kaliningrad) and it shares a maritime border with Sweden. An earlier Russian name was Ковно Kovno, although Каунас Kaunas has been used since 1940. residential house of Ragutis factory, built in 1925[112]). [136] Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant is the largest one in Lithuania. [39] In May 1919 Lithuanian Aircraft State Factory was founded in Freda to repair and to supply the army with military aircraft. [74], Jews began settling in Kaunas in the second half of the 17th century. [148] It consisted of Kaunas Railway Tunnel and the Railway Bridge across the Nemunas river. These Romans were supposedly led by a patrician named Palemon, who had three sons: Barcus, Kunas and Sperus. Kaunas History. Kaunas is located in Lithuania and time zone Europe/Vilnius. the antipode) is likely to be in the ocean somewhere, so when considering which point is … [42], Initially prior to World War II, Lithuania declared neutrality. 1997 p. 293. [49] On that night before officially accepting the ultimatum, the Soviet forces executed Lithuanian border guard Aleksandras Barauskas [lt] near the Byelorussian SSR border. The only professional circus organisation in Lithuania—the Baltic Circus was founded in Kaunas in 1995. [48] President Antanas Smetona categorically declined to accept most of the ultimatum demands, argued for military resistance and was supported by Kazys Musteikis, Konstantinas Šakenis, Kazimieras Jokantas, however the Commander of the Armed Forces Vincas Vitkauskas, Divisional general Stasys Raštikis, Kazys Bizauskas, Antanas Merkys and most of the Lithuanian Government members decided that it would be impossible, especially due to the previously stationed Soviet soldiers, and accepted the ultimatum. [87] On 1 November 1987, a non-sanctioned rally took place near the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica, where people gathered to mark famous Lithuanian poet Maironis' 125th-birthday anniversary. [55], After the occupation, the Soviets immediately took brutal action against the high-ranking officials of the state. Kaunas is one of the host cities for the 2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup. It is the biggest and most modern bus station in Lithuania. The occupation was accompanied by arrests, confiscations, and the elimination of all free institutions. [34] Shortly afterwards, tension between Antanas Smetona and Augustinas Voldemaras, supported by the Iron Wolf Association, arose seeking to gain authority. [45] Two of the military bases with thousands of Soviet soldiers were established close to Kaunas in Prienai and Gaižiūnai. The population density of this country is at 44.05 people per square kilometer, ranking in at 165th in the world for population density. It is still visible throughout the town. By the evening of 22 June, the Lithuanians controlled the Presidential Palace, post office, telephone and telegraph, and radio station. There are four old Jewish cemeteries within city limits. [56] Soldiers, officers, senior officers and generals of the Lithuanian Army and LRU members, who were seen as a threat to the occupiers, were quickly arrested, interrogated and released to the reserve, deported to the concentration camps or executed, trying to avoid this many joined the Lithuanian partisan forces. The young Lithuanian state enthusiastically pledges to contribute to the organization of Europe on a new basis in front of the whole world innocent conscience. Where To Stay In Kaunas. [51] Stasys Raštikis, persuaded by his wife, secretly crossed the German border. Jewish life in Kaunas was first disrupted when the Soviet Union occupied Lithuania in June 1940. However, we are ready to answer your questions and help (I-V 9.00-18.00; VI 10.00-16.00; VII 10.00-15.00) Please contact us at [email protected], phone number +370 616 23828 or +370 616 50991 [50] In the morning, the Lithuanian Government resigned while the president left the country to avoid the fate of the Soviet's puppet and hoping to form the Government in exile. Lithuania. During that time, people settled in some territories of the present Kaunas: the confluence of the two longest rivers of Lithuania area, Eiguliai, Lampėdžiai, Linkuva, Kaniūkai, Marvelė, Pajiesys, Romainiai, Petrašiūnai, Sargėnai, and Veršvai sites. Kaunas is first mentioned in written sources in 1361 when the brick Kaunas Castle was constructed. [137] It was completed in August 2011. The company still exists and have its boats in working condition. The Lithuanian Armed Forces were ordered not to resist and the Lithuanian Air Force remained on the ground. Kaunas is home to some historic venues such as: the main stadium of the city—S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno Sporto Centras (total capacity 9,000), which is also the Lithuanian soccer club FBK Kaunas's and Lithuanian national football team home stadium established in 1923, and Kaunas Sports Hall, completed in 1939 for the Third European Basketball Championship. It was reorganized into a college in 1653. The first Lithuanian ice hockey championship composed of four teams (LFLS, KSK, Kovas, and Macabi) was held in Kaunas, in 1926.[160]. The aurochs was the original heraldic symbol of the city, established in 1400. Since the restoration of independence, improving substantially air and land transport links with Western Europe have made Kaunas easily accessible to foreign tourists. The Town Hall was originally built with wooden frames, however, after numerous fires in 1542 they began to construct buildings with stone. It also specialises in development of new telemetry, data base creation, mobile payment projects. The largest wholesale, distribution and logistics company in Lithuania and Latvia JSC "Sanitex",[127] as well as a subsidiary of material handling and logistics company Dematic in the Baltics[128] have been operated in Kaunas. The stone buildings, however, also burned down so the Town Hall that stands today was constructed in a more advanced way, which took from 1771 to 1780. The sailor, three golden balls, and Latin text "Diligite justitiam qui judicatis terram" (English: Cherish justice, you who judge the earth[2]) in the greater coat of arms refers to Saint Nicholas, patron saint of merchants and seafarers, who was regarded as a heavenly guardian of Kaunas by Queen Bona Sforza. The Polish name is Kowno [ˈkɔvnɔ]; the Belarusian name is Koўна, Kowna [ˈkɔwna]. The city covers 15,700 hectares. Lithuania (/ ˌ l ɪ θj u ˈ eɪ n i ə / LITH-ew-AY-nee-ə; Lithuanian: Lietuva [lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Northern and Baltic region of Europe.Lithuania is one of the Baltic states. Peugeot, Toyota, Lexus, Honda car showrooms), A. Kančas (e.g. Members of the Provisional Government then went as a body to the Garden of the Vytautas the Great War Museum, where they laid a wreath near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the presence of numerous audience. It was considerably modernized by Antanas Gustaitis and started to build Lithuanian ANBO military aircraft. To orientate yourself in advance, especially if the time of your stay in the city is limited. It is also the burial site of some signatories of the 1918 Act of Independence. [77] The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland and Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well as residents of Kaunas and other Lithuania territories. First railway connection passing through Kaunas was constructed in 1859–1861 and opened in 1862. [59] In 1941, Kazys Škirpa, Leonas Prapuolenis, Juozas Ambrazevičius and their supporters, including the former Commander of the Lithuanian Army General Stasys Raštikis, whose whole family was deported to Siberia, began organizing an uprising. Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. The ANBO 41 was far ahead of the most modern foreign reconnaissance aircraft of that time in structural features, and most importantly in speed and in rate of climb. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the Grand Army of Napoleon passed through Kaunas twice, devastating the city both times. The streets in Old Town have been turned to pedestrian sidewalks, so it is best to tour the place by foot. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. A round of the UIM F2 World Championship is held by the site of the old Kaunas Lagoon pier every year. [19], On 14 May 1972, 19-year-old Romas Kalanta, having proclaimed "Freedom for Lithuania! No trip to Lithuania would be complete without visiting Kaunas, the country’s second largest city and former temporary capital. [86] The event broke into a politically charged riot, which was forcibly dispersed by the KGB and Militsiya. They were not allowed to live in the city, so most of them stayed in the Vilijampolė settlement on the right bank of the Neris river. Kaunas County 2021: Best of Kaunas County, Lithuania Tourism - Tripadvisor. [178], This article is about the city. The Lithuanian Nation, exhausted from the terror of the brutal Bolshevism, decided to build its future on the basis of national unity and social justice." The university status Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, founded during the Interwar period, is the only state-supported institution of tertiary physical education in Lithuania. [111] Neoclassicism prevailed in the 3rd decade of the 20th century (Kaunas School of Arts, built in 1923, Bank of Lithuania building, built in 1928, Palace of Justice and the Parliament with Art Deco elements, built in 1930) and a search for the Lithuanian national style was typical (e.g. [67] The first German scouts, lieutenant Flohret and four privates, entered Kaunas on 24 June and found it in friendly hands. Kaunas County (Lithuanian: Kauno apskritis) is one of ten counties of Lithuania. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished. [78] The Sugihara House, where he was previously issuing transit visas, currently is a museum and the Centre For Asian Studies of Vytautas Magnus University. The number of citizens have reached 283 300 in 2018 and Kaunas is the largest city in all Kaunas region. [99] The city follows in suit of the country and is lowland. 1922), Žalgiris basketball club (est. Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. For Nazi concentration camp, see, Significant depictions in popular culture, I. Žiemele. [169], Kaunas is best known for the Kaunas Jazz Festival, International Operetta Festival, Photo Art Festival "Kaunas photo" or Pažaislis music festival, which usually run from early June until late August each year. The Provisional Government, not agreeing to continue to be an instrument of the German occupiers, disbanded itself on 5 August 1941 after signing a protest for the Germans action of suspending the Lithuanian Government powers. The power of the self-governing Kaunas was shared by three interrelated major institutions: vaitas (the Mayor), the Magistrate (12 lay judges and 4 burgomasters), and the so-called Benchers' Court (12 persons). Zwartendijk agreed to help them and Jews who had fled from German-occupied Poland also sought his assistance. ", "Chiune Sugihara, Japan Diplomat Who Saved 6,000 Jews During Holocaust, Remembered", "Centre For Asian Studies | ASC, Asian Studies, VMU, Lithuania, Kaunas", "Stasys Knezys. Kaunas also has a greater coat of arms, which is mainly used for purposes of Kaunas city representation. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Kaunas International Airport (KUN) is the second-busiest airport in Lithuania and fourth-busiest airport in the Baltic states. "Žemaičių vyskupystės istorinis ir dailės palikimas", "Kauno kunigų seminarija – katalikybės ir lietuvybės židinys", "Šarvuota Lietuva: kiek iš tikro mūsų kariuomenė turėjo tankų? A yacht club operates in the Kaunas Reservoir Regional Park. European route E67 is a highway running from Prague in the Czech Republic to Helsinki in Finland by way of Poland, Kaunas Lithuania, Riga (Latvia), and Tallinn (Estonia). 94,011 were here. It could be described as a city that never accepted its role as the second city in the country. Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Таблица XIII. The control of Vilnius and most of the Lithuania's territory was also shortly taken over by the rebels. The Yiddish name is קאָװנע Kovne, and the names in German include Kaunas and Kauen. The city is home to a few historic clubs such as: LFLS Kaunas football club (est. Later, when the capital Vilnius was annexed by Poland, Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania,[32] a position it held until 28 October 1939, when the Red Army handed Vilnius over to Lithuania. Before Lithuania regained independence, the city was generally known in English as Kovno, the traditional Slavicized form of its name. Other historical, cultural features of Kaunas include: Kaunas is often called a city of museums, because of the abundance and variety of them. International route connecting Kaliningrad, Russia and Kharkiv, Ukraine, also crosses Kaunas. Joint Lithuanian-German company "Net Frequency", based in Kaunas, is a multimedia and technology service provider. Kaunas Symphony Orchestra is the main venue for classical music concerts. [110] The Renaissance remains of Kaunas defensive fortifications have survived (2nd half of the 17th century). Kaunas Tourism Kaunas Hotels Kaunas Bed and Breakfast Kaunas Vacation Rentals Kaunas Vacation Packages Flights to Kaunas Kaunas Restaurants Things to Do in Kaunas Kaunas Shopping Kaunas Travel Forum Kaunas … [124] The continuous oppression of the Catholic Church and its resistance caused the appearance of the Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. Poussier). Some trains run from Vilnius to Šeštokai, and, Poland, through Kaunas. After visiting Estonia and Latvia a couple of years ago, I had one more Baltic country left to see. It is known as the Via Baltica between Warsaw and Tallinn, a distance of 670 km (416 mi). After the proclamation of Lithuanian independence in 1990, Soviet attempts to suppress the rebellion focused on the Sitkūnai Radio Station. Kaunas began to gain prominence, since it was at an intersection of trade routes and a river port. С.-Петербург: 1903–1905, Our Lord Jesus Christ's Resurrection Basilica, names of Kaunas elderates in other languages, Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty, Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), German occupation of Lithuania during World War II, Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944), Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania, Kaunas Cultural Centre of Various Nations, Museum of the History of Lithuanian Medicine and Pharmacy, Povilas Stulga Museum of Lithuanian Folk Instruments, St. George's Church and the Bernardine Monastery, Church of the Holy Trinity and the Bernardine monastery, signatories of the 1918 Act of Independence, Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania, fourth-busiest airport in the Baltic states, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Vilnius University Kaunas Faculty of Humanities, Mykolas Romeris University Faculty of Public Security, Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania, "Kodėl Kaunas buvo vadinamas mažuoju Paryžiumi? There was established static circus in the Vytautas park of Kaunas in the beginning of the 19th century. Kaunas boasts some beautiful architecture, kooky museums, and historically important sites, making any trip worthwhile. ", "Lithuania and the Soviet Union 1939–1940: the Fateful Year", "Šimtmečio belaukiant: Reikšmingiausi Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos (1918–1940 m.) įvykiai", "Kaip raudonarmiečiai įžengė į Lietuvą: apverktinai atrodę kariai ir lygiame kelyje gedę tankai", Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute, "Lietuvos kariuomenės naikinimas (1940 m. birželio 15 d.–1941 m.)", "Lemtingi metai generolo Raštikio dienoraščiuose", "Lietuvos okupacija (1940 m. birželio 15 d.)", "Kuo reikšmingas 1941 m. birželio 22–28 d. Ethnic Lithuanians account for 5/6 of the population, which makes the country one of the most homogeneous in the Baltic States. A suburban region in the vicinity is named "Palemonas".[15]. [116][110] The most notable Rationalism style buildings in Kaunas are: Christ's Resurrection Church (construction began in 1933, but was converted into a radio factory from 1952, therefore it was returned to the believers only in 1990 and was reconstructed in 2005), palaces of Pienocentras (architects Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis, K. Reisonas), Pažangos with Art Deco decoration elements (architect F. Vizbaras), Physical Culture (architect V. Landsbergis‑Žemkalnis, now belongs to the Lithuanian Sports University), Prekybos, pramonės ir amatų (1938, architect V. Landsbergis‑Žemkalnis), Taupomųjų kasų (1939; architects A. Funkas, B. Elsbergas, A. Lukošaitis; now is the primary building of Kaunas City Municipality);[110] Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (1938; architect A. Šalkauskis), Military Research Laboratory for the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defense (1938; architect V. Landsbergis‑Žemkalnis; now Faculty of Chemical Technology at Kaunas University of Technology),[117] Kaunas Clinics complex (1939; French architect U. Cassan), Kaunas Sports Hall (1939; engineer A. Rozenbliumas), Pasaka Cinema (1939), Romuva Cinema (1940), residential houses complex in V. Putvinskio Street (formed in 1928–1937). Under the direction of the mayor Jonas Vileišis (1921–1931) Kaunas grew rapidly and was extensively modernised. Aleksotas Church of St. Casimir, 1997, company Kraft Foods Lietuva administrative and laboratory buildings complex, 2001, shopping and entertainment center Akropolis, 2007), A. Karalius (building materials salon Iris, 2002, block of flats Aušros namai, 2005), D. Paulauskienė (e.g. It passed some important laws, particularly on land reform, on the national currency, and adopted a new constitution. [64], On 23 June 1941 at 9:28 am Tautiška giesmė, the national anthem of Lithuania, was played on the radio in Kaunas. Head offices of several major International and Lithuanian companies are located in Kaunas, including "Kraft Foods Lietuva", largest Generic Pharmaceuticals producer in Lithuania "Sanitas", producer of sportswear AB "Audimas", one of the largest construction companies "YIT Kausta", JSC "Senukai", largest producer in Lithuania of strong alcoholic drinks JSC "Stumbras", Finnish capital brewery JSC "Ragutis", JSC "Fazer Gardesis", JSC "Stora Enso Packaging",[125] producer of pharmaceuticals, and the only producer of homoeopathic medicines in Lithuania JSC "Aconitum". [76] Then refugees approached Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese consul, who gave them a transit visa through the USSR to Japan, against the disapproval of his government. [21], In 1408, the town was granted Magdeburg rights by Vytautas the Great and became a centre of Kaunas Powiat in Trakai Voivodeship in 1413. 2002, Vol. to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the country. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished.[3]. Retrieved on 12 April 2011. Things to Do in Kaunas County, Lithuania: See Tripadvisor's 7,522 traveler reviews and photos of Kaunas County attractions. All the city's streets were paved, horse-drawn transportation was replaced with modern bus lines, new suburbs were planned and built (Žaliakalnis neighbourhood in particular), and new parks and squares were established. Because of its latitude, daylight in Kaunas extends 17 hours in midsummer, to only around 7 hours in midwinter. [173], A minor planet 73059 Kaunas, discovered by Lithuanian astronomers Kazimieras Černis and Justas Zdanavičius, in 2002, is named after the city of Kaunas. [72] On 17 July 1941 the German civil administration was established. The Old Town is the historical center of Kaunas. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. and signatures. It was one of the largest and important military victories of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century against Lithuania. We have reviews of the best places to see in Kaunas. Currently, Kaunas Public Logistics Centre is being built by the demand of national state-owned railway company Lithuanian Railways. From the very start of the Lithuanian partisans war, the most important partisan districts were based around Kaunas. The airport is located in the central part of the country, 14 km northeast of the Kaunas city center. [139], Kaunas is also known for its programmers, as they developed a software for the American billionaire Robert Pera's Ubiquiti Networks product NanoStation, therefore the company established a R&D division Ubiquiti Networks Europe in Kaunas. The most Lithuanian of all cities in the country (93% of the population of Kaunas are Lithuanians) will welcome you hospitably, open your heart, walk along ancient streets and squares, and show you all their attractions. Kaunas again became the major centre of resistance against the Soviet regime. [16] The current emblem was the result of much study and discussion on the part of the Lithuanian Heraldry Commission, and realized by the artist Raimondas Miknevičius. The first golf club "Elnias" in Lithuania was opened in Kaunas in 2000. [65] From Kaunas radio broadcasts, Lithuania learned that the rebellion was taking place in the country, the insurgents took Kaunas, the Proclamation of the Independence Restoration of Lithuania and the list of the Provisional Government was announced by Leonas Prapuolenis. [55], In June 1940, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed Lithuania in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. [citation needed] The National Football Academy—the national centre for the training of the best Lithuanian young players of football was established in Kaunas in 2006. The oldest part of Kaunas was connected with Žaliakalnis neighbourhood in 1889. [61], Multiple Red Army divisions stationed around Kaunas, including the brutal 1st Motor Rifle Division NKVD responsible for the June deportation, and the puppet Lithuanian SSR regime commanders were forced to flee into the Latvian SSR through the Daugava river. [150] There are 14 trolleybus routes, 43 bus routes. The message was being repeated several times in different languages. [168] Now the Kaunas County Public Library holds more than 2.2 million volumes in its collection and functions as a depository library of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. We are happy to announce that Kaunas has officially been designated the European Capital of Culture 2022. The largest indoor Žalgiris Arena in the Baltics has been completed in Kaunas for the event. According to the archeological excavations, the richest collections of ceramics and other artifacts found at the confluence of the Nemunas and the Neris rivers are from the second and first millennium BC. [33] The Constituent Assembly of Lithuania first met in Kaunas on 15 May 1920. The best view of the Old Town and its numerous church towers can be seen from the Aleksotas Hill. [35], During the interwar period, Kaunas was nicknamed as the Little Paris because of its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, Art Deco architecture, Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural style buildings as well as popular furniture, interior design of the time and widespread café culture. The Sicherheitsdienst confiscated the pictures of the wreath-laying ceremony, thinking that it could be dangerous for the German occupation policy in Lithuania. ; its chief main objective was to resist and the Kaunas County is one of the State:. Classical music concerts making any trip worthwhile established festival is the second in. Development of new telemetry, data base creation, mobile payment projects games as well as Central! Business activities taking place in Kaunas on 17 December 1926 [ 71 ] the Germany... Also sought his assistance ] due to its geographic location, Kaunas is often referred to as UNESCO. 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