The more common form of aggregate in sociology is aggregate data. They provide information about the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the country’s population. Arsenal lost the second … What does aggregate mean? When data is aggregated, atomic data rows -- typically gathered from multiple sources -- are replaced with totals or summary statistics. Data aggregation is a type of data and information mining process where data is searched, gathered and presented in a report-based, summarized format to achieve specific business objectives or processes and/or conduct human analysis. translation and definition "aggregate data", Dictionary English-English online. [7], Banks collect aggregated data from a significant number of customers and then anonymise the data through eliminating personal information. Aggregate patient data are also used in time-to-event studies of meta-analyses as the results can inform investors about the worthiness to proceed to conducting more meta-analyses that are based on resource-intensive individual patient data. ‘The notion that economies, as a whole, sometimes lack sufficient drive derives from a faulty set of economic doctrines that focus on the demand side of the aggregate economy.’ [2], Aggregate data are mainly used by researchers and analysts, policymakers, banks and administrators for multiple reasons. [8], In the UK, the Integrated Urgent Care Aggregate Data Collection (IUC ADC) provides comprehensive information about IUC activity, its performance, as well as its service demand. [2] Researchers have also made an effort to evaluate policies, practices and precepts of systems critically with the assistance of aggregate data, to investigate the corresponding relevance and efficacy. Using Aggregate Data in the RST. [17], There is also a problem of ‘ecological fallacy’. [5] For example, governments around the world use of aggregate mobile location data for analysis in response to Covid-19. Before the early 2000s, most state education agencies and districts only collected aggregate data on students enrolled in public schools. [12] Aggregate data are widely available because demographic, socio-economic, and political data are collected and published by the nations. [2], Financial aggregates data is a type of aggregate data about credit and the money supply in Australia, which is utilised by policymakers in evaluating both the households and the companies’ economic and financial activities. While this distinction between aggregated and disaggregated data may appear straightforward, there is a nuance worth discussing here: a lot of “disaggregated” data in education is actually data that has been technically aggregated, at some level, from records maintained on individual students. Each school in the district will then compile a report that documents the number of students currently enrolled in the school and in each grade level, which requires administrators to summarize data from all their individual student records to produce the enrollment reports. Differences exist between results generated from aggregate data and individual data. Definition of aggregate data in the Definitions.net dictionary. Information and translations of aggregate data in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Instead, aggregate data collects, combines and communicates details in terms of totals or summary. If, for example, the only graduation data available are annual rates for individual schools, this aggregate data may hide significant disparities in graduation rates for students from low-income households, students of color, students with disabilities, or students who are not proficient in the English language. What does aggregate data mean? [12] In political activity analyses, significant data such as those related to industrialisation, urbanization, as well as mass communication networks, are not expressed readily in individual levels. Check and prepare your data. Find another word for aggregate. Aggregate mobile location data could provide insights about the effectiveness of social distancing measures launched by governments. While aggregate data such as high school graduation rates or average test scores can yield a variety of important insights, a significant number of school leaders, researchers, education reformers, and policy makers have advocated in recent years for the importance of disaggregating data to expose underlying trends and issues such achievement gaps, opportunity gaps, learning gaps, and other inequities in the public-education system. The aggregated patient data are utilised by users including the Cochrane Collaboration, the United States Preventive Services Task Force, and multiple professional societies in providing support for clinical practice guidelines. Aggregate data refers to numerical or non-numerical information that is (1) collected from multiple sources and/or on multiple measures, variables, or individuals and (2) compiled into data summaries or summary reports, typically for the purposes of public reporting or statistical analysis—i.e., examining trends, making comparisons, or revealing information and insights that would not be … Techopedia explains Data Aggregation Data aggregation is the process of gathering data and presenting it in a summarized format. Problems Using Aggregate Data to Infer Individual Behavior: Evidence from Law, Finance, and Ownership Concentration shows that the fundamental difference in methodology is not innocuous but is often critical to their results. Aggregate data is widely used, but it also accompanies with some limitations, including drawing inaccurate inferences and false conclusions which is also termed as ‘ecological fallacy’. Physical characteristics and in some cases, the chemical composition of aggregates affect the properties of concrete in its plastic and hardened state. composed of mineral crystals of one or more kinds or … For instance, the output of an industry is an aggregate of the firms’ individual outputs within that industry. While aggregate data are essential to understanding how the public-education system is working, aggregate-data reports are generally limited to the identification of broader trends and patterns in education; they are not as useful when it comes to diagnosing deeper underlying problems such as disparities in educational performance among students of different races and ethnicities. In the US, some of the US data are presented in the form of tables. Individual-level data are not required in these non-experimental analyses. [5] In particular, administrators utilise aggregate data for assessments in current political, religious, social, or other atmosphere of a nation to track the gaps in social responses relating to time and space, and to dictate priorities for action. Aggregate data refers to individual data that are averaged by geographic area, by year, by service agency, or by other means. [18] With the aggregate concept, things other than the individual equivalents of aggregate data are expressed, which means that individual-level conclusions cannot be drawn. [5], Sources of aggregate data can also be regarded as tools for discovering data. Aggregate data is high-level data which is acquired by combining individual-level data. It’s possible for a school’s aggregate graduation rate to appear strong overall—say, 90 percent—but when the data are disaggregated for different groups of students, the disaggregation may reveal, for example, that more than 50 percent of the African American and Hispanic students in the school fail to graduate. [19], Aggregate data are used as components of the UK censuses’ outputs. This changes the data to a lower granularity (aka a higher level of detail). [6], As well as projecting effectiveness of government policies, aggregate data analyses are also taken to evaluate the nature, assess the extent, recognise the trend and study the pattern of a specific phenomenon or process with the aim to devise strategies, prepare short- or long-term policies, and take efficacious and relevant procedures for control or prevention. For example, graduation rates are widely considered to be “aggregate data,” while graduation rates reported for different subgroups of students—say, for students of different races and ethnicities—is typically considered to be “disaggregated data.” Yet to produce reports that disaggregate graduation rates by race and ethnicity, data on individual students actually has to be “aggregated” to produce summary graduation rates for different racial subgroups. Information collected during polls, interviews, and focus groups can be aggregated in a similar fashion. Local business data aggregation. Aggregates are produced by combining information from multiple sources. [10], National or regional level of available empirical data are used by administrators and intellectuals, as well as people who are concerned about a region or a society’s welfare, as sources of reference. The district now has aggregate enrollment information about the students attending its schools. [5] For example, a researcher collects, collates, or compiles aggregate data through utilising multiple mechanisms of social research, including inventory, interview, an opinionnaire, and a questionnaire or schedule. In concrete, cement reacts with water and ensuing cement paste sets and harden resulting in shrinkage. Aggregate definition, formed by the conjunction or collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum; total; combined: the aggregate amount of indebtedness. Created by the Great Schools Partnership, the GLOSSARY OF EDUCATION REFORM is a comprehensive online resource that describes widely used school-improvement terms, concepts, and strategies for journalists, parents, and community members. These assessments help administrators in evaluating current measures that are useful in future strategic planning and provide indicators about effective corrective measures. This facilitates researchers and analysts in carrying out longer trend studies and allows them to bring changes and developments in a deeper focus. Cases are aggregated based on the value of zero or more break (grouping) variables. Aggregate data are also used for medical and educational purposes. Economics Denoting the total supply or demand for goods and services in an economy at a particular time. If no break variables are specified, then the entire dataset is a single break group. Another word for aggregate: total, body, whole, amount, collection | Collins English Thesaurus To produce a report showing distinct enrollment trends for different races and ethnicities, the district schools would then need to disaggregate the enrollment information by racial and ethnic subgroups. Meaning of aggregate data. They are a compilation of aggregated, or summarised, calculations of the number of individuals, household residents, or families in particular geographic areas with specific characteristics, or compounds of characteristics, taken from the subjects of people and places, populations, families, health, ethnicity and religion, housing and work. [5] Policymakers also utilise financial aggregates data in evaluating companies and households’ economic and financial activities because these data help to identify risks associated with financial stability. To cite one illustrative example, however, a common point of contention is the tendency for schools located in high-poverty or high-minority communities to receive significantly lower grades on state report cards. [18] Inference also vary from one to another when either individual firm data or aggregated data is used for analysis. They are obtained from analysis on the information given in the census returns. clustered in a dense mass or head. To aggregate data is to compile and summarize data; to disaggregate data is to break down aggregated data into component parts or smaller units of data. Aggregate Data aggregates groups of cases in the active dataset into single cases and creates a new, aggregated file or creates new variables in the active dataset that contain aggregated data. They are expressed in per capita terms in order to control for the variations in the areal units’ population size. Patient-based data are mainly used to track the progress of a patient, such as how the patient responds to particular treatment, over time. For instance, the output of an industry is an aggregate of the firms’ individual outputs within that industry. [16] Aggregate data can also be used in non-experimental analysis such as regression discontinuity analysis and interrupted time-series analysis. [9] The National Health Service (NHS) under the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) in England stated that this collection of aggregate data is going to replace the NHS 111 minimum dataset. (the information collected and maintained on individual students is often called student-level data, among other terms). The meaning of the term is that the variability around the individual-level means is significantly different from the variability encompassing the aggregate means. It will also be used as a formal source for IUC statistics, as well as to oversee the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the IUC ADC. means data collected and reported at the group, cohort, or institutional level that is aggregated using protocols that are effective for preserving the anonymity of each individual included in the data. The use of aggregate data in the job-performance evaluations of administrators and teachers may also become a topic of debate for a wide variety of reasons, many of which mirror debates related to school report cards. The Glossary of Education Reform welcomes your comments and suggestions. Information is only viewable in groups and as part of a summary, not per the individual. If you want to learn how to restore a database backup in PostgreSQL, you can follow the first section of this tutorial.If you were able to restore the backup, you should see a table named international_debt within the database (you will need to create a database first, though if you don't have one). Growth modelling and longitudinal modelling based on aggregate data are also difficult because variables can vary over time. Data points that represent a group average instead of information from an individual are called aggregates. [14], The COVID-19 Data Archive, also called the COVID-ARC, aggregates data from studies around the globe. In public education, aggregate data have been widely collected and publicly reported for decades. [13] To acquire data in all trials on all patients, aggregate patient data are collected from completed studies being presented at professional meetings, published in the medical literature, or were directly supplied by individual investigators. 14 synonyms of aggregate from the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 18 related words, definitions, and antonyms. [7], Credit aggregates are measurements of the households and businesses’ borrowings from financial intermediaries. aggregate: [adjective] formed by the collection of units or particles into a body, mass, or amount : collective: such as. Aggregate supply and demand is a visual representation of the results of two aggregate functions, one performed on a production data set and another on a spending data set. Generally speaking, the main purpose of collecting and reporting aggregate data is to provide useful information about the performance of public schools and public-school students to those who are monitoring schools or working to improve them. Those who oppose the use of aggregate data in job-performance evaluations generally argue that using aggregate data to evaluate individual educators is often misrepresentative and unfair. Let's first set up a PostgreSQL database and restore this backup which contains the table which you are going to use in this tutorial. … Using Aggregate Data . To further illustrate the concept of aggregate data and how it may be used in public education, consider a school with an enrollment of 500 students, which means the school maintains 500 student records, each of which contains a wide variety of information about the enrolled students—for example, first and last name, home address, date of birth, gender identification, race or ethnicity, date and period of enrollment, courses taken and completed, course-grades earned, test scores, etc. In a data warehouse, the use of aggregate data dramatically reduces the time to query large sets of data. SINCE 1828. something formed by adding together several amounts or things: They purchased an aggregate of 3,000 shares in the company. What does aggregate data mean? Today, however, all 50 states in the United States have state-level systems that collect and maintain student-level data, not just aggregate records, which allows state education agencies to produce both aggregated and disaggregated reports on schools and students (public-school districts typically collect student-level data from schools, and states collect student-level data from districts). An example of a ‘money-like’ instrument is deposits in the bank account. (noun) Groups of observed aggregates are replaced with summary statistics based on … aggregate data. Understanding aggregations can sometimes depend on what you’re trying to … For the most part, the use of aggregate data has not been a controversial topic in public education, primarily because aggregate data present far fewer concerns about student safety and privacy than the collection, sharing, and use of data and personal information about specific students. [13], In a health information system, aggregate data is the integration of data concerning numerous patients. Aggregate data is high-level data which is acquired by combining individual-level data. [3] Although aggregate data has wider applicability than individual-level data, it is more challenging for researchers to tackle with analysis on subgroup results when aggregate data is used. It is important to gather high-quality accurate data and a large enou… GAMES; BROWSE THESAURUS; WORD OF THE DAY; WORDS AT PLAY. Official or non-official agencies also collect and compile aggregate data on an ongoing basis through utilising infrastructures available within a department at the field level. Once or twice a year, the school district may be required to submit student-enrollment reports to their state department of education. [15] Specifically, using aggregated healthcare data allows health care providers to unbolt actionable clinical insights when for instance, thorough views of clinical data or continuous patient records become possible. aggregate data definition in English dictionary, aggregate data meaning, synonyms, see also 'in the aggregate',aggregately',aggregative',aggregation'. Enrich your vocabulary with the English Definition … Aggregates occupy 70 to 80% of the volume of concrete. This is a crucial step, since the accuracy of insights from data analysis depends heavily on the amount and quality of data used. For example, information about whether individual students graduated from high school can be aggregated—that is, compiled and summarized—into a single graduation rate for a graduating class or school, and annual school graduation rates can then be aggregated into graduation rates for districts, states, and countries. [19] The census aggregate data are used to compare and describe population characteristics across various locations in the UK because they are able to provide comparable information at a range of geographical levels over the entire UK. To aggregate data is to compile and summarize data; to disaggregate data is to break down aggregated data into component parts or smaller units of data. Aggregate Information means any aggregate anonymous information or data derived from Customer use of the Kinvey Platform Services that is aggregated with information and data from Kinvey’s other customers and is not specific to a person, does not include personally identifiable information, and cannot be used, alone or in conjunction with other information, to identify any specific person and … For example, many educators and teachers unions argue that teachers should not have their job security or salaries based on student performance because many factors influencing academic achievement are beyond their control: for example, factors such as low parental education levels, unsupportive or dysfunctional home environments, or nutritional deficits and stress—not to mention starting a school year significantly behind academically—can all adversely affect educational achievement. Aggregate: a complete amount of something. [1] Aggregate data are applied in statistics, data warehouses, and in economics. [19], Statistical Abstract of the United States, United States Preventive Services Task Force, "Using Aggregate Administrative Data in Social Policy Research", "Community types, socio-economic structure and IHD mortality—A contextual analysis based on Swedish aggregate data", "Updates to Australia's financial aggregates", "Banks have lots of information about you — and they don't keep it all to themselves - ABC Life", "Statistics Â» Integrated Urgent Care Aggregate Data Collection (IUC ADC) Experimental Statistics 2019-20", "Integrated Urgent Care Aggregate Data Collection (IUC ADC) for March 2020 (Experimental)", "Research Guides: Data resources for social science: Aggregate data", "The Use of Aggregate Data in Comparative Political Analysis", "The strengths and limitations of meta-analyses based on aggregate data", "3.5 Difference between Aggregated and Patient data in a HIS", "Scientists launch data archive to bolster research on COVID-19", "Assessing the Use of Aggregate Data in the Evaluation of School-Based Interventions: Implications for Evaluation Research and State Policy Regarding Public-Use Data", "Problems Using Aggregate Data to Infer Individual Behavior: Evidence from Law, Finance, and Ownership Concentration", "Taking the aggravation out of data aggregation: A conceptual guide to dealing with statistical issues related to the pooling of individual-level observational data", Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggregate_data&oldid=995352763, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 15:58. Related Pages. Eventually, individual information may also be required. [5], Aggregate data are used by governments to develop more effective policies because they serve as a measure of how capable a government is to be aware of the demands and needs of its citizens and a measure of the way a government maintains social order effectively. Aggregation is a mathematical operation that takes multiple values and returns a single value: operations like sum, average, count, or minimum. [17] Information loss occurs because aggregation of data ignores individual variation as if it were only a type of statistical noise or measurement error. patents-wipo. Over the next five years, the school district could use these annual reports to analyze increases or declines in district-wide enrollment, enrollment at each school, or enrollment at each grade level. A related topic of debate is whether “shaming” schools located in high-poverty or high-minority communities is the best way to improve those schools or better serve the students who attend them, given that much of their performance can be attributed to factors that are beyond the control of educators working in the schools. The decision to use country averages is based on assumptions that are not only implausible but also unnecessary when firm-level data is available. The data may be gathered from multiple data sources with the intent of combining these data sources into a summaryfor data analysis. Policymakers can employ aggregate data to better understand the developments of a country’s economic and financial conditions. 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